Individual Excellence and Social Dynamic mcq practice set 7

Q241. Value prioritization involves:
a) Identifying and ranking values based on their importance
b) Ignoring personal values in decision-making
c) Adopting the values of others without question
d) Assigning equal weight to all values

Answer

Answer: a) Identifying and ranking values based on their importance

Q242. Who believes that all or most behavioral characteristics result from learning?
a. Rationalists
b. Nativists
c. Empiricists
d. Behaviorists

Answer

Answer: c. Empiricists

Q243. Which stage is characterized by the reactivation of libido during puberty, leading to increased attraction towards the opposite sex that persists throughout one’s lifetime?
a. Oral (Age range Birth–1 year)
b. Anal (Age range 1–3 years)
c. Phallic (Age range 3–6 years)
d. Genital (Age range Puberty–Death)

Answer

Answer: d. Genital (Age range Puberty–Death)

Q244. Who created the SWOT Analysis technique?
a. Albert Einstein
b. Albert Humphrey
c. Albert Schweitzer
d. Albert Camus

Answer

Answer: b. Albert Humphrey

Q245. What is an area that is neither known to the self nor known by others, characterized by a sudden dislike for something previously enjoyed, such as a dish?
a. Blind spot
b. Unknown Area
c. Subconscious zone
d. Disliked territory

Answer

Answer: b. Unknown Area

Q246. According to which theory do people hold and assume consistent attitudes, becoming physiologically aroused by willingly engaging in behavior counter to their beliefs?
a. Cognitive dissonance theory
b. Social learning theory
c. Trait theory
d. Dissonance processes

Answer

Answer: a. Cognitive dissonance theory

Q247. What are the simple decision-making rules an individual develops based on previous experiences or thoughts?
a. Intuition
b. Reflexes
c. Heuristics
d. Instincts

Answer

Answer: c. Heuristics

Q248. In which psychological process does repeated initiation or work towards an attitude that possesses some positive or negative meaning occur in the absence of effortful thoughts?
a. Operant conditioning
b. Classical conditioning
c. Habituation
d. Spontaneous response

Answer

Answer: b. Classical conditioning

Q249. What are oversimplified generalizations about groups of people based on various characteristics such as race, ethnicity, age, gender, or sexual orientation called?
a. Biases
b. Prejudices
c. Discriminations
d. Stereotypes

Answer

Answer: d. Stereotypes

Q250. Who are individuals who actively make disparaging remarks about others or perpetuate hate crimes?
a. Implicit biases
b. Prejudiced discriminators
c. Activist advocates
d. Inclusive allies

Answer

Answer: b. Prejudiced discriminators

Q251. What is an affective feeling toward someone primarily based on their perceived group membership called?
a. Bias
b. Tolerance
c. Prejudice
d. Discrimination

Answer

Answer: c. Prejudice

Q252. What type of prejudice involves the belief that one skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a racial group?
a. Racism
b. Colorism
c. Ethnocentrism
d. Xenophobia

Answer

Answer: b. Colorism

Q253. What activity releases reward and pleasure chemicals in the brain, making one feel healthier and aiding in better decision-making?
a. Meditation
b. Exercise
c. Socializing
d. Reading

Answer

Answer: b. Exercise

Q254. What is the dynamic aspect of one’s psyche that includes behavioral traits leading to personal happiness, well-being, and success in professional contexts?
a. Cognitive intelligence
b. Emotional intelligence
c. Social intelligence
d. Spiritual intelligence

Answer

Answer: b. Emotional intelligence

Q255. Which two emotions are commonly observed to be masked for deeper feelings, hindering the development of emotional lightness?
a. Joy and sadness
b. Fear and anxiety
c. Anger and stress
d. Surprise and disgust

Answer

Answer: c. Anger and stress

Q256. What do emotions encompass apart from feelings, involving bodily reactions, expressive movements, and behaviors?
a. Thoughts
b. Memories
c. Beliefs
d. Emotions

Answer

Answer: d. Emotions

Q257. Self-assessment is considered a highly effective exercise in which area of thinking?
a. Logical reasoning
b. Critical thinking
c. Creative thinking
d. Reflective thinking

Answer

Answer: b. Critical thinking

Q258. From where does motivation originate in a learner?
a. External rewards and punishments
b. Instruction and guidance
c. Awareness about self
d. Peer pressure and social norms

Answer

Answer: c. Awareness about self.

Q259. What term refers to perpetuating stereotypes about individuals with a mental illness?
a. Social bias
b. Mental discrimination
c. Psychological prejudice
d. Social stigma

Answer

Answer: d. Social stigma

Q260. What term is used for behaviors that are not considered socially acceptable?
a. Deviant actions
b. Problem behaviors
c. Unconventional acts
d. Abnormal conduct

Answer

Answer: b. Problem behaviors

Q261. What is another term for social problem-solving, which describes the systems and processes used to address everyday issues?
a. Real-life troubleshooting
b. Practical dilemma-solving
c. Everyday conflict resolution
d. Problem-solving in real life

Answer

Answer: d. Problem-solving in real life

Q262. What is the term used to describe how individuals approach problems and incorporate them into their existing knowledge and worldview?
a. Problem analysis
b. Solution development
c. Problem orientation
d. Problem resolution

Answer

Answer: c. Problem orientation

Q263. How is socialization defined?
a. The process of learning and acquiring knowledge
b. The development of social skills and etiquette
c. The formation of personal identity and beliefs
d. The influence of external factors on human behavior

Answer

Answer: c. Socialization

Q264. What do political parties attempt to do by socializing the citizens?
a. Promote democracy and participation
b. Achieve economic stability
c. Capture and maintain power
d. Enhance social justice and equality

Answer

Answer: c. Capture and maintain power

Q265. Which institution divides people into a moral order and plays a crucial role in socialization through the fear it can instill?
a. Education
b. Government
c. Religion
d. Family

Answer

Answer: c. Religion

Q266. What is the term used for the socialization of a child in the early years of their life?
a. Initial adaptation
b. Infant conditioning
c. Early acculturation
d. Primary socialization

Answer

Answer: d. Primary socialization

Q267. What term refers to the type of variations among people in an organization?
a. Workplace diversity
b. Cultural dynamics
c. Organizational heterogeneity
d. Individual distinctiveness

Answer

Answer: a. Workplace diversity

Q268. What poses a set of specific challenges for HR professionals in the workplace?
a. Cultural integration
b. Managing diversity
c. Inclusive leadership
d. Conflict resolution

Answer

Answer: b. Managing diversity

Q269. What should be a key focus for every organization in order to prevent behaviors such as bullying, harassment, and discrimination?
a. Employee satisfaction
b. Work-life balance
c. Work harmony
d. Performance management

Answer

Answer: c. Work harmony

Q270. What term includes all the factors that make individuals unique from each other, with social categories such as gender, race, and age often being subconsciously used to define it?
a. Equality
b. Inclusion
c. Diversity
d. Differentiation

Answer

Answer: c. Diversity

Q271. How is a member of a country recognized under custom or law as a legal member of a sovereign nation referred to?
a. Nationalist
b. Migrant
c. Immigrant
d. Citizen

Answer

Answer: d. Citizen

Q272. What does accountability typically refer to in professional contexts?
a. Adaptability and flexibility
b. Decision-making skills
c. Reliability and responsiveness
d. Interpersonal communication

Answer

Answer: c. Reliability and responsiveness

Q273. What can be a beneficial force for individuals, communities, and societies, and can be improved through personal actions?
a. Altruistic behavior
b. Pro-social conduct
c. Philanthropy
d. Civic engagement

Answer

Answer: b. Pro-social conduct

Q274. What does the bystander effect refer to?
a. The tendency to ignore social norms
b. The influence of peer pressure
c. The decreased likelihood of helping someone in distress when others are present
d. The diffusion of responsibility in a group setting

Answer

Answer: c. The decreased likelihood of helping someone in distress when others are present

Q275. What must be preserved and nurtured as a shield against social ills in society?
a. Ethical principles
b. Moral obligations
c. Nobel values
d. Cultural traditions

Answer

Answer: c. Nobel values

Q276. What are ideas about what is of utmost importance in one’s life, guiding principles to live by?
a. Ethics
b. Virtues
c. Principles
d. Values

Answer

Answer: d. Values

Q277. What is the essence of understanding and sensing others’ feelings without them openly expressing them?
a. Sympathy
b. Compassion
c. Empathy
d. Emotional intelligence

Answer

Answer: c. Empathy

Q278. What are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide and motivate attitudes or actions?
a. Principles
b. Virtues
c. Ethics
d. Values

Answer

Answer: d. Values

Q279. What do values provide in terms of guidance?
a. Limitations
b. Boundaries
c. Standards
d. Guidelines

Answer

Answer: d. Guidelines

Q280. How can the existence of a dilemma be resolved and solved?
a. Intuition
b. Emotions
c. Logic
d. Empathy

Answer

Answer: c. Logic

Q281. What can be described as the belief in and adherence to ethical standards?
a. Integrity
b. Morality
c. Conscience
d. Virtue

Answer

Answer: b. Morality

Q282. How does technology impact individuals and society?
a. Enhances privacy
b. Provides opportunities for personal growth
c. Promotes social equality
d. Abolishes privacy

Answer

Answer: d. Abolishes privacy

Q283. More broadly, what does ‘digital ethics’ or ‘information ethics’ deal with?
a. Ethical dilemmas in digital marketing
b. Ethical use of social media
c. The impact of ICT on society and the environment
d. Ethical considerations in e-commerce

Answer

Answer: c. The impact of ICT on society and the environment

Q284. What branch of ethics seeks to establish norms or standards for conduct?
a. Descriptive ethics
b. Applied ethics
c. Normative ethics
d. Metaethics

Answer

Answer: c. Normative ethics

Q285. What is the process of ethical standards that has a significant impact on people’s decision-making and quality of life?
a. Morality
b. Virtue ethics
c. Ethical reasoning
d. Ethics

Answer

Answer: d. Ethics

Q286. When do employees perceive distributive justice to take place?
a. When outcomes are fair and equal
b. When employees receive performance-based rewards
c. When employees believe outcomes are equitable
d. When there is transparency in decision-making

Answer

Answer: c. When employees believe outcomes are equitable

Q287. Who first postulated organizational justice in 1987?
a. Greenberg
b. Locke
c. Adams
d. Skinner

Answer

Answer: a. Greenberg

Q288. What does organizational justice refer to?
a. Employee satisfaction at work
b. Fairness in organizational policies and practices
c. Employee engagement and motivation
d. Conflict resolution in the workplace

Answer

Answer: b. Fairness in organizational policies and practices

Q289. What does informational justice focus on in relation to employers and employees?
a. Accuracy of information provided
b. Clarity and transparency in decision-making
c. Consistency in performance evaluations
d. Respectful and unbiased treatment

Answer

Answer: b. Clarity and transparency in decision-making

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