Multiple choice question for engineering
Set 1
1. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is
a) Strongly Coupled
b) Loosely Coupled
c) Strongly Cohesive
d) Loosely Cohesive
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] SOA is the architectural style that supports loosely coupled services to enable business flexibility.
2. Which of the following is an essential principle of an architecture?
a) Consistency
b) Reliability
c) Scalability
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Architecture implies a consistent and coherent design approach.
3. Arrange the following activities in order to build a SOA.
i. Virtualization through mediation.
ii. Track services with registries.
iii. Govern, secure and manage the services.
iv. Design for interoperability through the adoption of standards.
a) i, ii, iii, iv
b) iii, ii, i, iv
c) ii, iii, i, iv
d) ii, iii, iv, i
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The order mentioned is appropriate to build a SOA
4. How is SOA different from OO Architecture ?
a) Strong coupling among objects
b) Communications are prescriptive rather than being descriptive
c) Data is separated from a service or behavior
d) Data and methods are integrated into a single object
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] A service-oriented architecture is essentially a collection of services which communicate with each other.
5. Which architecture will be built on top of a SOA ?
a) The Application Architecture
b) The Service Architecture
c) The Component Architecture
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: a
6. Which of the following utilities is not a part of Application Service Layer ?
a) Policy implementation
b) QoS
c) Security
d) Verify invoice
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] It is a part of Business service layer.
7. Which of the following utilities is not a part of Business Service Layer ?
a) Task centric service
b) Wrapper Services
c) Get account info
d) Entity centric service
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] It is a part of Application service layer.
8. We can build Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) using Object Oriented (OO) language
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] In SOA, the design methodology is associated, not an OO programming language. In fact we can do OO based architecture using non OO languages. Likewise we can build SOA using OO language.
9. Which architecture describes the various elements that support the implementation of services.
a) The Application Architecture
b) The Service Architecture
c) The Component Architecture
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: c
10. Web Services is not a realization of SOA ?
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Web services is one realization of the SOA.
Set 2
1. Which of the following are parameters involved in computing the total cost of a software development project?
a) Hardware and software costs
b) Effort costs
c) Travel and training costs
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] All these are accounted for in estimating a software’s development cost.
2. Which of the following costs is not part of the total effort cost?
a) Costs of networking and communications
b) Costs of providing heating and lighting office space
c) Costs of lunch time food
d) Costs of support staff
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] This is a incurred by the employees.
3. What is related to the overall functionality of the delivered software?
a) Function-related metrics
b) Product-related metrics
c) Size-related metrics
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Productivity is expressed in terms of the amount of useful functionality produced in some given time. Function points and object points
are the best-known metrics of this type.
4. A _________ is developed using historical cost information that relates some software metric to the project cost.
a) Algorithmic cost modelling
b) Expert judgement
c) Estimation by analogy
d) Parkinson’s Law
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] The model uses a basic regression formula with parameters that are derived from historical project data and current as well as future project characteristics.
5. It is often difficult to estimate size at an early stage in a project when only a specification is available
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Function-point and object-point estimates are easier to produce than estimates of code size but are often still inaccurate.
6. Which technique is applicable when other projects in the same analogy application domain have been completed?
a) Algorithmic cost modelling
b) Expert judgement
c) Estimation by analogy
d) Parkinson’s Law
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The cost of a new project is estimated by analogy with these completed projects.
7. Which model assumes that systems are created from reusable components, scripting or database programming?
a) An application-composition model
b) A post-architecture model
c) A reuse model
d) An early design model
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] It is designed to make estimates of prototype development.
8. Which of the following states that work expands to fill the time available.
a) CASE tools
b) Pricing to win
c) Parkinson’s Law
d) Expert judgement
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The cost is determined by available resources rather than by objective assessment. If the software has to be delivered in 12 months and 5 people are available, the effort required is estimated to be 60 person-months.
9. Which model is used during early stages of the system design after the requirements have been established?
a) An application-composition model
b) A post-architecture model
c) A reuse model
d) An early design model
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Estimates are based on function points, which are then converted to number of lines of source code. The formula follows the standard form discussed above with a simplified set of seven multipliers.
10. Which model is used to compute the effort required to integrate reusable components or program code that is automatically generated by design or program translation tools?
a) An application-composition model
b) A post-architecture model
c) A reuse model
d) An early design model
Answer
Answer: c
11. The COCOMO model takes into account different approaches to software development, reuse, etc.
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Its the COCOMO-2 model. COCOMO 2 incorporates a range of sub-models that produce increasingly detailed software estimates.
Set 3
1. A sociotechnical system is a system that includes
a) people
b) software
c) hardware
d) all of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] A sociotechnical system is a system that includes people, software, and hardware to show that you need to take a systems perspective on security and dependability.
2. Which layer is missing in the sociotechnical system stack as shown below:
a) organizational layer
b) application layer
c) physical layer
d) transport layer
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] The application layer This layer delivers the application-specific functionality
that is required.
3. Consider an example of a system which has a police command and control system that may include a geographical information system to provide details of the location of incidents. What kind of system the example represents?
a) Complex System
b) Technical computer-based system
c) Sociotechnical System
d) Both Complex and Sociotechnical System
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Complex systems are usually hierarchical and so include other systems.
4. Which property of a sociotechnical system varies depending on how the component assemblies are arranged and connected?
a) security
b) usability
c) volume
d) reliability
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The volume of a system (the total space occupied) varies depending on how the component assemblies are arranged and connected.
5. Which property of a sociotechnical system depends on the technical system components, its operators, and its operating environment?
a) security
b) usability
c) volume
d) reliability
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Usability reflects how easy it is to use the system.
6. In a sociotechnical system, you need to consider reliability from perspectives namely:
a) only software reliability
b) only hardware reliability
c) hardware and software reliability
d) hardware, software and operator reliability
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] In a sociotechnical system, you need to consider reliability from all three perspectives.
7. There are ________ overlapping stages in the lifetime of large and complex sociotechnical systems.
a) two
b) three
c) four
d) five
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] The stages are Procurement, Development and Operation.
8. Sociotechnical systems are deterministic.
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Sociotechnical systems are non-deterministic partly because they include people and partly because changes to the hardware, software, and data in these systems are so frequent
9. What are the two ways to view the human error of a sociotechnical system?
a) hardware and software approach
b) management and users approach
c) person and systems approach
d) all of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The answer is self explanatory.
10. Human and organizational factors such as organizational structure and politics have a significant effect on the operation of sociotechnical systems.
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] As people are a part of the system, hence they affect the sociotechnical system.
Set 4
1. Which of the following is a field related to certification ?
a) Person
b) Process
c) Product
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] During software certification all given options are targeted.
2. Which of the following is a software process certification ?
a) JAVA Certified
b) IBM Certified
c) ISO-9000
d) Microsoft Certified
Answer
Answer: c
3. Which standard is followed in aviation industry ?
a) CTRADO-172B
b) RTCADO-178B
c) RTRADO-178B
d) CTCADO-178B
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] RTCADO-178B is a popular aviation standard that has become a defacto standard.
4. How many levels, does the DO-178B certification targeted by RTCADO-178B has ?
a) two
b) three
c) four
d) five
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] The levels are A, B, C, D, E.
5. Third Party Certification for software standards is based on
a) Ul 1998, Second Edition
b) UT 1998, Second Edition
c) Ul 1992, Second Edition
d) Ul 1996, Second Edition
Answer
Answer: a
6. What are the goals to gain Laboratory Accreditation ?
a) Increase availability of testing services through third-party laboratories
b) Increase availability of testing market to encourage development of software testing industry
c) Reduce cost by increasing supply of testing services
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] The goal is to promote development of competitive market, hence option d.
7. National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program approve accreditation in
a) Environmental standards
b) Computers and electronics
c) Product testing
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program Works with other national metro-logy institutes to establish criteria for mutual recognition of test results.
8. CSTE stands for
a) Certified Software Technology
b) Certified Software Tester
c) Certified Software Trainee
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: b
9. CSQA stands for
a) Certified Software Quality Analyst
b) Certified Software Quality Approved
c) Certified Software Quality Acclaimed
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: a
10. Which of the following companies provide certifications for their own products?
a) CISCO
b) ORACLE
c) Microsoft
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d
Set 5
1. Which of the following categories is part of the output of software process?
a) computer programs
b) documents that describe the computer programs
c) data
d) all of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d
2. Which is a software configuration management concept that helps us to control change without seriously impeding justifiable change?
a) Baselines
b) Source code
c) Data model
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] A baseline is analogous to the kitchen doors in the restaurant. Before a software configuration item becomes a baseline, change may be made quickly and informally.
3. Software Configuration Management can be administered in several ways. These include
a) A single software configuration management team for the whole organization
b) A separate configuration management team for each project
c) Software Configuration Management distributed among the project members
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: a
4. What combines procedures and tools to manage different versions of configuration objects that are created during the software process?
a) Change control
b) Version control
c) SCIs
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Configuration management allows a user to specify alternative configurations of the software system through the selection of appropriate versions.
5. What complements the formal technical review by assessing a configuration object for characteristics that are generally not considered during review?
a) Software configuration audit
b) Software configuration management
c) Baseline
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: a
6. Which of the following is the process of assembling program components, data, and libraries, and then compiling and linking these to create an executable system?
a) System building
b) Release management
c) Change management
d) Version management
Answer
Answer: a
7. Which of the following option is not tracked by configuration management tools?
a) Tracking of change proposals
b) Storing versions of system components
c) Tracking the releases of system versions to customers
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] All the options are tracked.
8. Which of the following is not a Software Configuration Management Activity?
a) Configuration item identification
b) Risk management
c) Release management
d) Branch management
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Risk management is an entirely different domain.
9. The definition and use of configuration management standards is essential for quality certification in
a) ISO 9000
b) CMM
c) CMMI
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] It is defined in all the mentioned options.
10. What involves preparing software for external release and keeping track of the system versions that have been released for customer use?
a) System building
b) Release management
c) Change management
d) Version management
Answer
Answer: b
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