161. Most complex of international organization structures is :
A. Global matrix structure.
B. Global functional structure
C. Transnational network structure.
D. none
Answer
C. Transnational network structure.
162. Posting of home country nationals for all key management positions throughout the globe issupported by:
A. Geocentric staffing model.
B. Polycentric staffing model.
C. Ethnocentric staffing model.
D. none
Answer
C. Ethnocentric staffing model.
163. The following is not considered as an acceptable motivation for foreign assignments:
A. Desire for adventure.
B. Desire to increase chances of promotion.
C. Escape from boredom of present assignment.
D. none
Answer
C. Escape from boredom of present assignment.
164. It was recognized in the 1990s that physical assets are not the only thing that needs to be included in the valuation of a firm. In Europe, firms also included a supplement detailing the:
A. Goodwill
B. Intellectual capital
C. Brand reputation
D. Knowledge
Answer
B. Intellectual capital
165. A graph showing a rise in demand over a number of years can be described as:
A. Raw data
B. Information
C. Narrative
D. Knowledge
Answer
B. Information
166. Something that you learn to do by practicing rather than from reading a manual is knownas:
A. Explicit knowledge
B. Codified knowledge
C. Embodied knowledge
D. Symbolic knowledge
Answer
C. Embodied knowledge
167. Knowledge that is known to a specific set of people who understand what particular references mean, whereas people outside of that group don’t know what they mean is known as:
A. Clique knowledge
B. Elite knowledge
C. Cultural knowledge
D. Symbolic knowledge
Answer
D. Symbolic knowledge
168. Organizations that are good at developing relevant capabilities to respond to a changing context are known as:
A. Knowing organizations
B. Stretch organizations
C. Learning organizations
D. Absorptive organizations
Answer
C. Learning organizations
169. An organization adjusts its pricing in response to falling customer demand. This is an exampleof which type of learning?
A. Single-loop learning
B. Double-loop learning
C. Surface learning
D. Deep learning
Answer
A. Single-loop learning
170. Which of the following attributes is NOT seen as being necessary for an organization to become a ‘learning organization’?
A. Cultural diversity
B. Top management commitment
C. Openness to new ideas
D. Willingness to experiment and risk making mistakes
Answer
A. Cultural diversity
171. One of the traps into which organizations can fall with respect to organizational learning is that they misread the reasons for success or failure. This trap is known as:
A. Causal ambiguity
B. Superstitious learning
C. Surface learning
D. Mistaken attribution learning
Answer
B. Superstitious learning
172. Knowledge management is concerned with the emergence, storage and ___ ofknowledge.
A. Trade
B. Transfer
C. Translation
D. Transcription
Answer
B. Transfer
173. One of the main problems with explicit knowledge is that:
A. It is difficult to transfer
B. It is easier to obtain it
C. It is not fluid
D. It inhibits further learning
Answer
B. It is easier to obtain it
174. A holding company is:
A. An organization with a balanced portfolio of individual businesses
B. A decentralized organization with a small head office that organizes finance for the subsidiaries
C. A centralized organization with a small head office that helps subsidiaries develop and finance their strategies
D. A decentralized organization with a large head office that offers a broad range of advice and services to subsidiaries
Answer
B. A decentralized organization with a small head office that organizes finance for the subsidiaries
175. A firm has a functional director for six areas and an area director for three functions. There, taff at each area/function will be reporting to 2 bosses. This firm has which type of structure?
A. Project structure
B. Matrix structure
C. Divisionalized structure
D. Front-back structure
Answer
B. Matrix structure
176. An organization structure that is in the main a functional or divisional structure but alsoincludes project teams to deal with specific issues is called:
A. An M-form structure
B. A front-back structure
C. A networked structure
D. A hybrid structure
Answer
D. A hybrid structure
177. An organization that divides its structure into two main parts – one dealing with product groups and one dealing with customer segments is called:
A. A front-back structure
B. A product-customer structure
C. A back to back structure
D. A matrix structure
Answer
A. A front-back structure
178. The essential question that a corporate parent needs to ask is:
A. Does it add value to its individual businesses
B. How does it achieve a balanced portfolio
C. How does it achieve synergies across business units
D. How related should its business units be
Answer
A. Does it add value to its individual businesses
179. A corporate parent can offer an individual business a number of ‘propositions’. These are buildpropositions, stretch propositions, link propositions, select propositions and:
A. Lend propositions
B. Locate propositions
C. Leverage propositions
D. Leap propositions
Answer
C. Leverage propositions
180. The parenting style ‘financial control’ will tend to be most suitable in which type of portfolio?
A. A broad portfolio of fast growing businesses
B. Stable businesses with low investment needs
C. A narrow portfolio of closely related businesses
D. A rapidly changing business environment
Answer
B. Stable businesses with low investment needs
181. Which type of corporate parenting style has the closest relationship with its individual businesses?
A. Co-evolution
B. Corporate flexibility
C. Strategic Control
D. Strategic planning
Answer
D. Strategic planning
182. What is the main reason why organizations enter alliances?
A. To find out how the other organization works, and copy it
B. To obtain synergies between other organizations’ resources and their own
C. To increase their capacity to learn
D. Because they have not enough cash to acquire the other organization
Answer
B. To obtain synergies between other organizations’ resources and their own
183. Which of the following is NOT an important element to look for when selecting an alliance partner?
A. Very similar culture and resources
B. Compatible expectations and objectives
C. They should have as much to lose as you do if the alliance fails
D. Resources that complement your own
Answer
A. Very similar culture and resources
184. When there is a fit between the goals of the organization and the goals of individuals, this is known as:
A. Goal fit
B. Goal congruence
C. Goal hierarchy fit
D. Goal coordination
Answer
B. Goal congruence
185. Which of the following is correct?
A. An organization’s structure would be expected to evolve as it grew larger and more diverse
B. Every organization starts out with a simple structure, then moves to a functional structure before becoming divisionalized
C. Network structures are superior to functional ones
D. Organizational performance will suffer if the structure is not stable
Answer
A. An organization’s structure would be expected to evolve as it grew larger and more diverse
186. The shape or format of reporting and decision making relationships can be defined as theorganizational:
A. Span of control
B. Architecture
C. Hierarchy
D. Chain of command
Answer
C. Hierarchy
187. The main components of an organization’s architecture are structural hierarchy, values andbelief systems, contracts and relationships and (two more):
A. Control systems and ways of working
B. Information infrastructure and power structures
C. Control systems and power structures
D. Control systems and information infrastructure
Answer
D. Control systems and information infrastructure
188. A ‘vertical architecture’ is one which:
A. Has a tall hierarchy
B. Has many layers of management
C. Extends beyond the boundaries of legal ownership
D. Is very bureaucratic
Answer
C. Extends beyond the boundaries of legal ownership
189. Organizational structures and systems can be judged using five dimensions (ABCDE) to assess whether they are achieving an appropriate balance. These five dimensions are Autonomy, Bureaucracy, Cultural Control, Decentralization and:
A. Equal Opportunities
B. Economic Incentives
C. Equality and Diversity
D. Evidence of Learning
Answer
B. Economic Incentives
190. Employees who work in an autonomous fashion are:
A. Given freedom to make decisions
B. Closely monitored
C. Heavily influenced by organizational culture
D. Motivated by non-financial rewards
Answer
A. Given freedom to make decisions
191. Bureaucracy is sometimes seen as a negative thing but it has some benefits for organizations. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of bureaucracy?
A. It can make information easier to share
B. It can reduce errors
C. It can increase organizational flexibility
D. It can ensure that stakeholders are treated consistently
Answer
C. It can increase organizational flexibility
192. Successful business relationships tend to:
A. Combine relational contracts – to build trust in the long term – with transactional contracts to cover specific situations
B. Depend upon tightly written legal contracts that take account of every potential problem or issue
C. Rely upon firms being able to trust their employees and partners
D. Be treated as finite games that both partners know will end sooner or later
Answer
A. Combine relational contracts – to build trust in the long term – with transactional contracts to cover specific situations
193. Goffee and Jones use two variables to classify organizational cultures. These are:
A. Sociability and Synergy
B. Cohesion and Synergy
C. Sociability and Solidarity
D. Solidarity and Cohesion
Answer
C. Sociability and Solidarity
194. Hyperglobalization is a process of globalization which —
A. emphasizes the rise of regionalism
B. emphasizes the rise of nation states
C. emphasizes the rise of the TNC and decline of the nation state
D. emphasizes the decline of the TNC
Answer
C. emphasizes the rise of the TNC and decline of the nation state
195. Economic globalization is characterized by —
A. rise of regionalism
B. international migration
C. cross-cultural flows of ideas
D. international trade and investment flows
Answer
D. international trade and investment flows
196. Cultural homogeneity refers to —
A. cross-cultural movements
B. inter-cultural movements
C. adaptation to the local culture
D. cultural uniformity
Answer
D. cultural uniformity
197. The process of glocalization is —
A. emphasis on local culture
B. the use of regional symbols
C. an amalgamation of the global and the local
D. emphasis on global culture
Answer
C. an amalgamation of the global and the local
198. Political globalization is the process of —
A. changes in the rules and structures of global governance
B. rise of the WTO
C. change in political systems
D. emergence of a political ideology
Answer
A. changes in the rules and structures of global governance
199. South–South co-operation means —
A. the flow of resources from one developing country to another
B. increasing diplomatic relations among emerging economies
C. increasing investment between developing countries
D. rising trade between countries
Answer
A. the flow of resources from one developing country to another
200. International orientation refers to —
A. a gradual process of internationalization
B. a firm’s modes of entry into international business
C. an attitude or strategic predisposition of a TNC towards internationalization
D. the stage theory of internationalization
Answer
C. an attitude or strategic predisposition of a TNC towards internationalization
