QN01. To help groups make decisions, a new category of systems was developed known as —–
Answer: group decision-support system (GDSS)
QN02. Most versions of GDSS use special meeting rooms where each participant is seated at a —– computer.
Answer: networked
QN03. A —– operates the network and keeps the discussion moving in the right direction.
Answer: facilitator
QN04. A —– captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that is linked to location.
Answer: geographic information system (GIS)
QN05. GIS technology can be integrated into any —– information system framework.
Answer: enterprise
QN06. A GIS will integrate spatial data with other data resources and can even use a —– , used by most organization to maintain their data, to manage spatial
data.
Answer: DBMS
QN07. Using —– , landscape can be better visualized, leading to a better understanding of certain relations in the landscape.
Answer: Digital Terrain Modeling (DTM)
QN08. —– is information, extracted, filtered or formatted in some way.
Answer: Knowledge
QN09. Knowledge —– are the knowledge that an organization owns or needs to own, to achieve its goals.
Answer: assets
QN10. —– is the practice of capturing and organizing information to make it more accessible and valuable to those who need it.
Answer: Knowledge management
QN11. Knowledge management technologies capture the —– element in an organization and make it universally available.
Answer: intangible
QN12. —– knowledge is the one that can be attained, but is not as easily transferred.
Answer: Tactic
QN13. —– knowledge is rule-based knowledge that is used to match actions to situations by invoking appropriate rules.
Answer: Explicit
QN14. The —– of Tacit knowledge is through shared experience, through apprenticeship and job training.
Answer: transfer
QN15. —– knowledge is leveraged with Explicit knowledge for the design and development of innovative products, services and processes.
Answer: Personal
QN16. —– are used to help to deal with problems requiring technical expertise or knowledge.
Answer: Knowledge work systems
QN17. KWS help knowledge workers create and —– knowledge into the organization.
Answer: integrate
QN18. —– is a standardized modeling language to 3-D modeling on the WWW.
Answer: Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
QN19. —– intangible asset includes relationships, brand names, reputation, and image.
Answer: External
QN20. —– knowledge management takes into account every knowledge source and merges it with traditional corporate knowledge.
Answer: Enterprise
QN21. To create —– objects, standard definitions of them must be created and adhered to.
Answer: data
QN22. The role of knowledge management has usually been seen as the transformation of individual assets into —– assets.
Answer: internal
QN23. An —– is a computer system which emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert.
Answer: expert system
QN24. A —– system is any system which performs a job or task by applying rules of thumb to a symbolic representation of knowledge, instead of employing mostly algorithmic or statistical methods.
Answer: knowledge-based
QN25. The —– step is where the developer defines what the expert system will do.
Answer: specification
QN26. Expert system development can be modeled as a —–, where each circuit adds more capabilities to the system.
Answer: spiral
QN27. Fuzzy Logic Systems are —– systems that can process data that are incomplete or only partially correct.
Answer: computer-based
QN28. —– is a method of reasoning that resembles human reasoning since it allows for approximate values and inferences and incomplete data instead of relying only on Crisp data, such as binary (yes/no) choices.
Answer: Fuzzy Logic
QN29. Neural networks are computing systems modelled on the human brain’s mesh-like network of interconnected processing elements, called —–
Answer: neurons
QN30. Neural networks can be implemented on —– and other computer systems via software packages.
Answer: microcomputers
QN31. The use of genetic algorithms is a growing application of —–
Answer: artificial intelligence
QN32. Genetic algorithms were first used to —– millions of years in biological, geological, and ecosystem evolution in just a few minutes on a computer.
Answer: simulate
QN33. Genetic algorithm software uses sets of —– process rules (algorithms) that specify how combinations of process components or steps are to be formed.
Answer: mathematical
QN34. Every natural intelligent system is considered as —– since it accomplishes mental functions on both the symbolic and sub symbolic stages.
Answer: hybrid
QN35. An —– is a software surrogate for an end user or a process that fulfils a stated need or activity.
Answer: intelligent agent
QN36. An intelligent agent uses a —– and learned knowledge base about a person or process to make decisions and accomplish tasks.
Answer: built-in
QN37. Intelligent agents help customers do comparison-shopping among the many —– sites on the Web.
Answer: e-commerce
QN38. —– and designers are responsible for ensuring that key member of the organization participate in the design process and permitted to influence the system’s ultimate shape.
Answer: Analysts
QN39. Deciding which new systems to be build an essential component of —– process.
Answer: organizational planning
QN40. —– analysis can help identify the key entities and attributes of the organization’s data.
Answer: Enterprise
QN41. The —– approach relies on interviews with key managers to identify their CSFs.
Answer: Critical Success Factor (CSF)
QN42. Processes could involve two types of activities, —– and operational.
Answer: managerial
QN43. —– is an approach aiming at improvements by means of elevating efficiency and effectiveness of the business process that exist within and across organizations.
Answer: Business process reengineering (BPR)
QN44. The key to BPR is for organizations to look at their business processes from a “—– ” perspective and determine how they can best construct these
processes to improve how they conduct business.
Answer: clean slate
QN45. The concept of —– is used to make quality the responsibility of all people and functions within an organization.
Answer: total quality management (TQM)
QN46. The fewer step in process the less time and opportunity for an —– to occur.
Answer: error
QN47. —– is a modern approach to different analysis and design phrases of the system development process.
Answer: Structural system analysis
QN48. In —– model, each phase can be assigned to a group of experts.
Answer: waterfall
QN49. In spiral model, the system development process is divided into different steps and smoothened after —– steps, the system becomes more perfect.
Answer: repetitive
QN50. —– is used to show how the system will fulfill this objective.
Answer: System design
QN51. The system designer details the system specifications that will deliver the functions identified during —–
Answer: systems analysis
QN52. —– is the process of changing form the old system to the new system.
Answer: Conversion
QN53. The system lifecycle is the oldest method for building —– and is used today for medium or large complex systems projects.
Answer: information systems
QN54. The —– stage determines whether the organization has a problem and whether that problem can be solved by building a new information system or by modifying an existing one.
Answer: project definition
QN55. The —– stage analyzes the problems of existing systems in detail, identifies objectives to be attained by a solution to these problems, and describes alternative solutions.
Answer: systems study
QN56. The design stage produces the design —– for the solution.
Answer: specification
QN57. The programming stage —– the design specifications produced during the design stage into software program code.
Answer: translates
QN58. —– work with programmers to prepare specification for each program in the system.
Answer: Systems analysts
QN59. The —– stage consists of the final steps to put the new or modified system into operation: testing, training, and conversation.
Answer: installation
QN60. The —– is a working version of an information system or part of the system.
Answer: prototype
QN61. When no more iteration is required, the approved prototype then becomes an —– prototype that furnishes the final specifications for the application.
Answer: operational
QN62. If an organization has unique requirements that the package does not address, many packages include capabilities for —–
Answer: customization
QN63. —– is the development of information system by end user with little or no formal assistance from technical specialists.
Answer: End User development
QN64. Using the Web for —– sales and marketing may create channel conflict with the firm’s traditional channels.
Answer: on-line
QN65. The —– on Management describes how several companies are detailing with this problem.
Answer: Window
QN66. —– is an especially troublesome issue in business-to-business electronic commerce, where customers buy directly from manufacturers.
Answer: Channel conflict
QN67. Companies collecting detail customer information over the Web will need to balance their desire to profit from such information with the need to safeguard individual—–.
Answer: privacy
