Digital Electronic MCQ Set 1
1. The principle objective of Sharpening, to highlight transitions is ________
a) Pixel density
b) Composure
c) Intensity
d) Brightness
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The principle objective of Sharpening, to highlight transitions is Intensity.
2. How can Sharpening be achieved?
a) Pixel averaging
b) Slicing
c) Correlation
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Sharpening is achieved using Spatial Differentiation.
3. What does Image Differentiation enhance?
a) Edges
b) Pixel Density
c) Contours
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Image Differentiation enhances Edges and other discontinuities.
4. What does Image Differentiation de-emphasize?
a) Pixel Density
b) Contours
c) Areas with slowly varying intensities
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Image Differentiation de-emphasizes areas with slowly varying intensities.
5. The requirements of the First Derivative of a digital function:
a) Must be zero in areas of constant intensity
b) Must be non-zero at the onset of an intensity step
c) Must be non-zero along ramps
d) All of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] All the three conditions must be satisfied.
6. What is the Second Derivative of Image Sharpening called?
a) Gaussian
b) Laplacian
c) Canny
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] It is also called Laplacian.
7. The ability that rotating the image and applying the filter gives the same result, as applying the filter to the image first, and then rotating it, is called _______
a) Isotropic filtering
b) Laplacian
c) Rotation Invariant
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] It is called Rotation Invariant, although the process used is Isotropic filtering.
8. For a function f(x,y), the gradient of ‘f’ at coordinates (x,y) is defined as a _____
a) 3-D row vector
b) 3-D column vector
c) 2-D row vector
d) 2-D column vector
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] The gradient is a 2-D column vector.
9. Where do you find frequent use of Gradient?
a) Industrial inspection
b) MRI Imaging
c) PET Scan
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Gradient is used in Industrial inspection, to aid humans, in detection of defects.
10. Which of the following occurs in Unsharp Masking?
a) Blurring original image
b) Adding a mask to original image
c) Subtracting blurred image from original
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] In Unsharp Masking, all of the above occurs in the order: Blurring, Subtracting the blurred image and then Adding the mask.
Digital Electronic MCQ Set 2
1. The output of a smoothing, linear spatial filtering is a ______ of the pixels contained in the neighbourhood of the filter mask.
a) Sum
b) Product
c) Average
d) Dot Product
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Smoothing is simply the average of the pixels contained in the neighbourhood.
2. Averaging filters is also known as ______ filter.
a) Low pass
b) High pass
c) Band pass
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Averaging filters is also known as Low pass filters.
3. What is the undesirable side effects of Averaging filters?
a) No side effects
b) Blurred image
c) Blurred edges
d) Loss of sharp transitions
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Blue edges is the undesirable side effect of Averaging filters.
4. A spatial averaging filter in which all coefficients are equal is called ___.
a) Square filter
b) Neighbourhood
c) Box filter
d) Zero filter
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] It is called a Box filter.
5. Which term is used to indicate that pixels are multiplied by different coefficients?
a) Weighted average
b) Squared average
c) Spatial average
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] It is called weighted average since more importance(weight) is given to some pixels.
6. The non linear spacial filters whose response is based on ordering of the pixels contained is called _______.
a) Box filter
b) Square filter
c) Gaussian filter
d) Order-statistic filter
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] It is called Order-statistic filter.
7. Impulse noise in Order-statistic filter is also called as ___
a) Median noise
b) Bilinear noise
c) Salt and pepper noise
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] It is called salt-and-pepper noise because of its appearance as white and black dots superimposed on an image.
8. Best example for a Order-statistic filter is ____
a) Impulse filter
b) Averaging filter
c) Median filter
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Median filter is the best known Order-statistic filter.
9. What does “eliminated” refer to in median filter?
a) Force to average intensity of neighbours
b) Force to median intensity of neighbours
c) Eliminate median value of pixels
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] It refers to forcing to median intensity of neighbours.
10. Which of the following is best suited for salt-and-pepper noise elimination?
a) Average filter
b) Box filter
c) Max filter
d) Median filter
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Median filter is better suited than average filter for salt-and-pepper noise elimination.
Digital Electronic MCQ Set 3
1. Which of the following make an image difficult to enhance?
a) Narrow range of intensity levels
b) Dynamic range of intensity levels
c) High noise
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] All the mentioned options make it difficult to enhance an image.
2. Which of the following is a second-order derivative operator?
a) Histogram
b) Laplacian
c) Gaussian
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Laplacian is a second-order derivative operator.
3. Response of the gradient to noise and fine detail is _______ the Laplacian’s.
a) equal to
b) lower than
c) greater than
d) has no relation with
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Response of the gradient to noise and fine detail is lower than the Laplacian’s and can further be lowered by smoothing.
4. Dark characteristics in an image are better solved using _____
a) Laplacian Transform
b) Gaussian Transform
c) Histogram Specification
d) Power-law Transformation
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] It can be solved by Histogram Specification but it is better handled by Power-law Transformation.
5. What is the smallest possible value of a gradient image?
a) e
b) 1
c) 0
d) -e
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The smallest possible value of a gradient image is 0.
6. Which of the following fails to work on dark intensity distributions?
a) Laplacian Transform
b) Gaussian Transform
c) Histogram Equalization
d) Power-law Transformation
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Histogram Equalization fails to work on dark intensity distributions.
7. _______ is used to detect diseases such as bone infection and tumors.
a) MRI Scan
b) PET Scan
c) Nuclear Whole Body Scan
d) X-Ray
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Nuclear Whole Body Scan is used to detect diseases such as bone infection and tumors
8. How do you bring out more of the skeletal detail from a Nuclear Whole Body Bone Scan?
a) Sharpening
b) Enhancing
c) Transformation
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Sharpening is used to bring out more of the skeletal detail.
9. An alternate approach to median filtering is ________
a) Use a mask
b) Gaussian filter
c) Sharpening
d) Laplacian filter
Answer
Answer:a [Reason:] Using a mask, formed from the smoothed version of the gradient image, can be used for median filtering.
10. Final step of enhancement lies in _______ of the sharpened image.
a) Increase range of contrast
b) Increase range of brightness
c) Increase dynamic range
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Increasing the dynamic range of the sharpened image is the final step in enhancement.
Digital Electronic MCQ Set 4
1. What is the peak side lobe(in dB) for a rectangular window?
a) -13
b) -27
c) -32
d) -58
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] The peak side lobe in the case of rectangular window has a value of -13dB.
2. What is the peak side lobe(in dB) for a Hanning window?
a) -13
b) -27
c) -32
d) -58
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The peak side lobe in the case of Hanning window has a value of -32dB.
3. How does the frequency of oscillations in the pass band of a low pass filter varies with the value of M?
a) Decrease with increase in M
b) Increase with increase in M
c) Remains constant with increase in M
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] The frequency of oscillations in the pass band of a low pass filter increases with an increase in the value of M, but they do not diminish in amplitude.
4. The oscillatory behavior near the band edge of the low pass filter is known as Gibbs phenomenon.
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] The multiplication of hd(n) with a rectangular window is identical to truncating the Fourier series representation of the desired filter characteristic Hd(ω). The truncation of Fourier series is known to introduce ripples in the frequency response characteristic H(ω) due to the non-uniform convergence of the Fourier series at a discontinuity. The oscillatory behavior near the band edge of the low pass filter is known as Gibbs phenomenon.
5. Which of the following window is used in the design of a low pass filter to have a frequency response as shown in the figure?
a) Hamming window
b) Hanning window
c) Kaiser window
d) Blackman window
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] The frequency response shown in the figure is the frequency response of a low pass filter designed using a Blackman window of length M=61.
6. Which of the following window is used in the design of a low pass filter to have a frequency response as shown in the figure?
a) Hamming window
b) Hanning window
c) Kaiser window
d) Blackman window
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The frequency response shown in the figure is the frequency response of a low pass filter designed using a Kaiser window of length M=61 and α=4.
7. What is the approximate transition width of main lobe of a Blackman window?
a) 4π/M
b) 8π/M
c) 12π/M
d) 2π/M
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The transition width of the main lobe in the case of Blackman window is equal to 12π/M where M is the length of the window.
8. Which of the following windows has a time domain sequence 
a) Bartlett window
b) Blackman window
c) Hamming window
d) Hanning window
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] The Hanning window has a time domain sequence as
, 0≤n≤M-1.
9. If the value of M increases then the main lobe in the frequency response of the rectangular window becomes broader.
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Since the width of the main lobe is inversely proportional to the value of M, if the value of M increases then the main lobe becomes narrower.
10. The large side lobes of W(ω) results in which of the following undesirable effects?
a) Circling effects
b) Broadening effects
c) Ringing effects
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The larger side lobes of W(ω) results in the undesirable ringing effects in the FIR filter frequency response H(ω), and also in relatively large side lobes in H(ω).
Digital Electronic MCQ Set 5
1. A serial subtractor can be obtained by converting the serial adder by using the
a) 1’s complement system
b) 2’s complement system
c) 10’s complement
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] A serial subtractor can be obtained by converting the serial adder by using the 2’s complement system.
2. The hexadecimal number (4B)16 is transmitted as an 8-bit word in parallel. What is the time required for this transmission if the clock frequency is 2.25 MHz?
a) 444 ns
b) 444 s
c) 3.55 s
d) 3.55 ms
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Because the clock pulse of 4-bit transmit the data of 8-bit word in parallel mode and this transmission done at 2.25 MHz frequency. We know that: f=1/t and we can find the time required for this transmission by the clock pulse.
3. Internally, a computer’s binary data are always transmitted on parallel channels which is commonly referred to as the
a) Parallel bus
b) Serial bus
c) Data bus
d) Memory bus
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] A computer’s data is always in the binary form which is stored in the bus that transmit the data on any channels. It doesn’t matter that it’s in parallel or serial.
4. What is the frequency of a clock waveform if the period of that waveform is 1.25sec?
a) 8 kHz
b) 0.8 kHz
c) 0.8 MHz
d) 8 MHz
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] By using the formula of frequency, we can find the frequency of clock waveform. Time period(t) of the waveform is = 1.25microseconds
f=1/t
Where ‘t’ is the time taken by the clock waveform;
f=(1/1.25)
so, f=0.8 MHz.
5. Why is parallel data transmission preferred over serial data transmission for most applications?
a) It is much slower
b) It is cheaper
c) More people use it
d) It is much faster
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Parallel data transmission preferred over serial data transmission for most applications because it is much faster.
6. With surface-mount technology (SMT), the devices should:
a) Utilize transistor outline connections
b) Mount directly
c) Have parallel connecting pins
d) Require holes and pads
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Surface-mount technology (SMT) is a method for producing electronic circuits in which the components are mounted or placed directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards (PCBs). An electronic device so made is called a surface-mount device (SMD). In the industry it has largely replaced the through-hole technology construction method of fitting components with wire leads into holes in the circuit board. Both technologies can be used on the same board for components not suited to surface mounting such as large transformers and heat-sinked power semiconductors.
7. In the most applications, transistor switches used in place of relays?
a) They consume less power
b) They are faster
c) They are quieter and smaller
d) All of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Transistors are of less consuming power, faster, quieter, smaller and its implementation is too easy. So, in most applications transistor switches are more preferred.
8. What can a relay provide between the triggering source and the output that semiconductor switching devices cannot?
a) Total isolation
b) Faster
c) Higher current rating
d) Total isolation and higher current rating
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] A relay provide total isolation and higher current rating between the triggering source and the output that semiconductor switching devices cannot provide.
9. The serial format for transmitting binary information uses
a) A single conductor
b) Multiple conductors
c) Infrared technology
d) Fiber-optic
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] A conductor accepts the whole data and arrange it in a serial manner, which is transmitted as binary information.
10. Serial communication can be sped up by
a) Using silver or gold conductors instead of copper
b) Using high-speed clock signals
c) Adjusting the duty cycle of the binary information
d) Using silver or gold conductors instead of copper and high-speed clock signals
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] For any serial data transmission there is required of continuously data supply and if the input supply (i.e. high speed clock signals) in high amount the speed of serial communication can be increased.
