Digital Electronic MCQ Set 1
1. A continuous image is digitised at _______ points.
a) random
b) vertex
c) contour
d) sampling
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] The sampling points are ordered in the plane and their relation is called a Grid.
2. The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called ________
a) Quantisation
b) Sampling
c) Rasterisation
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called Quantisation.
3. Images quantised with insufficient brightness levels will lead to the occurrence of ______
a) Pixillation
b) Blurring
c) False Contours
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] This effect arises when the number brightness levels is lower that which the human eye can distinguish.
4. The smallest discernible change in intensity level is called ______
a) Intensity Resolution
b) Contour
c) Saturation
d) Contrast
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Number of bits used to quantise intensity of an image is called intensity resolution.
5. What is the tool used in tasks such as zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.?
a) Sampling
b) Interpolation
c) Filters
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Interpolation is the basic tool used for zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.
6. The type of Interpolation where for each new location the intensity of the immediate pixel is assigned is _____
a) bicubic interpolation
b) cubic interpolation
c) bilinear interpolation
d) nearest neighbour interpolation
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Its called as Nearest Neighbour Interpolation since for each new location the intensity of the next neighbouring pixel is assigned.
7. The type of Interpolation where the intensity of the FOUR neighbouring pixels is used to obtain intensity a new location is called _____
a) cubic interpolation
b) nearest neighbour interpolation
c) bilinear interpolation
d) bicubic interpolation
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Bilinear interpolation is where the FOUR neighbouring pixels is used to estimate intensity for a new location.
8. Dynamic range of imaging system is a ratio where the upper limit is determined by
a) Saturation
b) Noise
c) Brightness
d) Contrast
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Saturation is taken as the Numerator.
9. For Dynamic range ratio the lower limit is determined by
a) Saturation
b) Brightness
c) Noise
d) Contrast
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Noise is taken as the Denominator.
10. Quantitatively, spatial resolution cannot be represented in which of the following ways
a) line pairs
b) pixels
c) dots
d) none of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] All the options can be used to represent spatial resolution.
Digital Electronic MCQ Set 2
1. The most familiar single sensor used for Image Acquisition is
a) Microdensitometer
b) Photodiode
c) CMOS
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Photodiode is the most commonly used single sensor made up of silicon materials.
2. A geometry consisting of in-line arrangement of sensors for image acquisition
a) A photodiode
b) Sensor strips
c) Sensor arrays
d) CMOS
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Sensor strips are very common next to single sensor and use in-line arrangement.
3. CAT in imaging stands for
a) Computer Aided Telegraphy
b) Computer Aided Tomography
c) Computerised Axial Telegraphy
d) Computerised Axial Tomography
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Industrial Computerised Axial Tomography is based on image acquisition using sensor strips.
4. The section of the real plane spanned by the coordinates of an image is called the _______
a) Spacial Domain
b) Coordinate Axes
c) Plane of Symmetry
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] The section of the real plane spanned by the coordinates of an image is called the Spacial Domain, with the x and y coordinates referred to as Spacial coordinates.
5. The difference is intensity between the highest and the lowest intensity levels in an image is _____
a) Noise
b) Saturation
c) Contrast
d) Brightness
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Contrast is the measure of the difference is intensity between the highest and the lowest intensity levels in an image.
6. _______ is the effect caused by the use of an insufficient number of intensity levels in smooth areas of a digital image.
a) Gaussian smooth
b) Contouring
c) False Contouring
d) Interpolation
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] It is called so because the ridges resemble the contours of a map.
7. The process of using known data to estimate values at unknown locations is called
a) Acquisition
b) Interpolation
c) Pixelation
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Interpolation is the process used to estimate unknown locations. It is applied in all image resampling methods.
8. Which of the following is NOT an application of Image Multiplication?
a) Shading Correction
b) Masking
c) Pixelation
d) Region of Interest operations
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Because Pixelation deals with enlargement of pixels.
9. The procedure done on a digital image to alter the values of its individual pixels is
a) Neighbourhood Operations
b) Image Registration
c) Geometric Spacial Transformation
d) Single Pixel Operation
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] It is expressed as a transformation function T, of the form s=T(z) , where z is the intensity.
10. In Geometric Spacial Transformation, points whose locations are known precisely in input and reference images.
a) Tie points
b) Réseau points
c) Known points
d) Key-points
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Tie points, also called Control points are points whose locations are known precisely in input and reference images.
Digital Electronic MCQ Set 3
1. How is negative of an image obtained with intensity levels [0,L-1] with “r” and “s” being pixel values?
a) s = L – 1 + r
b) s = L – 1 – r
c) s = L + 1 + r
d) s = L + 1 + r
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] The negative is obtained using s = L – 1 + r.
2. The general form of log transformations is ____
a) s = c.log(1 + r)
b) s = c+log(1 + r)
c) s = c.log(1 – r)
d) s = c-log(1 – r)
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] s = c.log(1 + r) is the log transformation.
3. Power-law transformations has the basic form of ____ where c and ∆ are constants.
a) s = c + r∆
b) s = c – r∆
c) s = c * r∆
d) s = c / r.∆
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] s = c * r∆ is called the Power-law transformation.
4. For what value of the output must the Power-law transformation account for offset?
a) No offset needed
b) All values
c) One
d) Zero
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] When the output is Zero, an offset is necessary.
5. What is Gamma Correction?
a) A Power-law response phenomenon
b) Inverted Intensity curve
c) Light brightness variation
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] The exponent in Power-law is called gamma and the process used to correct the response of Power-law transformation is called Gamma Correction.
6. Which process expands the range of intensity levels in an image so that it spans the full intensity range of the display?
a) Shading correction
b) Contrast sketching
c) Gamma correction
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Contrast sketching is the process used to expand intensity levels in an image.
7. Highlighting a specific range of intensities of an image is called ___
a) Intensity Matching
b) Intensity Highlighting
c) Intensity Slicing
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Highlighting a specific range of intensities of an image is called Intensity Slicing.
8. Highlighting the contribution made to total image by specific bits instead of highlighting intensity-level changes is called ____
a) Intensity Highlighting
b) Byte-Slicing
c) Bit-plane slicing
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] It is called Bit-plane slicing.
9. Which of the following involves reversing the intensity levels of an image?
a) Log Transformations
b) Piecewise Linear Transformations
c) Image Negatives
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Image negatives use reversing intensity levels.
10. Piecewise Linear Transformation function involves which of the following?
a) Bit-plane slicing
b) Intensity level slicing
c) Contrast stretching
d) All of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Piecewise Linear Transformation function involves all the mentioned functions.
Digital Electronic MCQ Set 4
1. How is array operation carried out involving one or more images?
a) array by array
b) pixel by pixel
c) column by column
d) row by row
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Any array operation is carried out on a pixel by pixel basis.
2. The property indicating that the output of a linear operation due to the sum of two inputs is same as performing the operation on the inputs individually and then summing the results is called _____
a) additivity
b) heterogeneity
c) homogeneity
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] This property is called additivity .
3. The property indicating that the output of a linear operation to a constant times as input is the same as the output of operation due to original input multiplied by that constant is called ___
a) additivity
b) heterogeneity
c) homogeneity
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] This property is called homogeneity .
4. Enhancement of differences between images is based on the principle of ______
a) Additivity
b) Homogeneity
c) Subtraction
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] A frequent application of image subtraction is in the enhancement of differences between images .
5. A commercial use of Image Subtraction is _____
a) Mask mode radiography
b) MRI scan
c) CT scan
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Mask mode radiography is an important medical imaging area based on Image Subtraction.
6. Region of Interest (ROI) operations is commonly called as _____
a) Shading correction
b) Masking
c) Dilation
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] A common use of image multiplication is Masking, also called ROI operation.
7. If every element of a set A is also an element of a set B, then A is said to be a ___ of set B.
a) Disjoint set
b) Union
c) Subset
d) Complement set
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] A is called the subset of B.
8. Consider two regions A and B composed of foreground pixels. The ________ of these two sets is the set of elements belonging to set A or set B or both.
a) OR
b) AND
c) NOT
d) XOR
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] This is called an OR operation.
9. Imaging systems having physical artefacts embedded in the imaging sensors produce a set of points called ____
a) Tie Points
b) Control Points
c) Reseau Marks
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] These points are called “known” points or “Reseau marks”.
10. Image processing approaches operating directly on pixels of input image work directly in ______
a) Transform domain
b) Spatial domain
c) Inverse transformation
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Operations directly on pixels of input image work directly in Spatial Domain.
Digital Electronic MCQ Set 5
1. In 4-neighbours of a pixel p, how far are each of the neighbours located from p?
a) one pixel apart
b) four pixels apart
c) alternating pixels
d) none of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Each pixel is a unit distance apart from the pixel p.
2. If S is a subset of pixels, pixels p and q are said to be ______ if there exists a path between them consisting of pixels entirely in S.
a) continuous
b) ambiguous
c) connected
d) none of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Pixels p and q are said to be connected if there exists a path between them consisting of pixels entirely in S.
3. If R is a subset of pixels, we call R a ___ of the image if R is a connected set.
a) Disjoint
b) Region
c) Closed
d) Adjacent
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] R is called a Region of the image.
4. Two regions are said to be _____ if their union forms a connected set.
a) Adjacent
b) Disjoint
c) Closed
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] The regions are said to be Adjacent to each other.
5. If an image contains K disjoint regions, what does the union of all the regions represent?
a) Background
b) Foreground
c) Outer Border
d) Inner Border
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] The union of all regions is called Foreground and its complement is called the Background.
6. For a region R, the set of points that are adjacent to the complement of R is called as ________
a) Boundary
b) Border
c) Contour
d) All of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] The words boundary, border and contour mean the same set.
7. The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some value of radius r centred at (x,y) is called :
a) Euclidean distance
b) City-Block distance
c) Chessboard distance
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Euclidean distance is measured using a radius from a defined centre.
8. The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some value of radius r, form a diamond centred at (x,y) is called :
a) Euclidean distance
b) Chessboard distance
c) City-Block distance
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Formation of a diamond is measured as City-Block distance.
9. The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some value of radius r, form a square centred at (x,y) is called :
a) Euclidean distance
b) Chessboard distance
c) City-Block distance
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Distance measured by forming a square around the centre is called Chessboard distance.
10. Which of the following is NOT is not a type of Adjacency?
a) 4-Adjacency
b) 8-Adjacency
c) m-Adjacency
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] All the mentioned adjacency types are valid.
