QN1. In Markov analysis, state probabilities must
a. Sum to one
b. Be less than one
c. Be greater than one
d. None of the above
Answer
Answer: a. Sum to one
QN2. State transition probabilities in the Markov chain should
a. Sum to 1
b. Be less than 1
c. Be greater than 1
d. None of the above
Answer
Answer: a. Sum to 1
QN3. If a matrix of transition probability is of the order n*n, then the number of equilibrium equations would be
a. n
b. n-1
c. n+1
d. None of the above
Answer
Answer: a. n
QN4. In the long run, the state probabilities become 0 & 1
a. In no case
b. In same cases
c. In all cases
d. Cannot say
Answer
Answer: c. In all cases
QN5. While calculating equilibrium probabilities for a Markov process, it is assumed that
a. There is a single absorbing state
b. Transition probabilities do not change
c. There is a single non-absorbing state
d. None of the above
Answer
Answer: b. Transition probabilities do not change
QN6. The first-order Markov chain is generally used when
a. Transition probabilities are fairly stable
b. Change in transition probabilities is random
c. No sufficient data are available
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: a. Transition probabilities are fairly stable
QN7. A problem is classified as Markov chain provided
a. There are finite number of possible states
b. States are collectively exhaustive & mutually exclusive
c. Long-run probabilities of being in a particular state will be constant over time
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: d. All of the above
QN8. The transition matrix elements remain positive from one point to the next. This property is known as:
a. Steady-state property
b. Equilibrium property
c. Regular property
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: c. Regular property
QN9. Markov analysis is useful for:
a. Predicting the state of the system at some future time
b. Calculating transition probabilities at some future time
c. All of the above
d. None of the above
Answer
Answer: c. All of the above
QN10. Which of the following is not one of the assumptions of Markov analysis:
a. There are a limited number of possible states
b. A future state can be predicted from the preceding one
c. There are limited number of future periods
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: c. There are limited number of future periods
QN11. An advantage of simulation as opposed to optimization is that
a. Several options of measure of performance can be examined
b. Complex real-life problems can be studied
c. It is applicable in cases where there is an element of randomness in a system
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: d. All of the above
QN12. The purpose of using simulation technique is to
a. Imitate a real-world situation
b. Understand properties & operating characteristics of complex real-life problems
c. Reduce the cost of experiment on a model of real situation
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: d. All of the above
QN13. Which of the following is not the special purpose simulation language
a. BASIC
b. GPSS
c. GASP
d. SIMSCRIPT
Answer
Answer: a. BASIC
QN14. As simulation is not an analytical model, therefore the result of simulation must be viewed as
a. Unrealistic
b. Exact
c. Approximation
d. Simplified
Answer
Answer: c. Approximation
QN15. While assigning random numbers in Monte Carlo simulation, it is
a. Not necessary to assign the exact range of random number interval as the probability
b. Necessary to develop a cumulative probability distribution
c. Necessary to assign the particular appropriate random numbers
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: b. Necessary to develop a cumulative probability distribution
QN16. Analytical results are taken into consideration before a simulation study so as to
a. Identify suitable values of the system parameters
b. Determine the optimal decision
c. Identify suitable values of decision variables for the specific choices of system parameters
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: c. Identify suitable values of decision variables for the specific choices of system parameters
QN17. Biased random sampling is made from among alternatives which have
a. Equal probability
b. Unequal probability
c. Probability which do not sum to 1
d. None of the above
Answer
Answer: b. Unequal probability
QN18. Large complicated simulation models are appreciated because
a. Their average costs are not well-defined
b. It is difficult to create the appropriate events
c. They may be expensive to write and use as an experimental device
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: c. They may be expensive to write and use as an experimental device
QN19. Simulation should not be applied in all cases because it
a. Requires considerable talent for model building & extensive computer programming efforts
b. Consumes much computer time
c. Provides at best approximate solution to problem
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: d. All of the above
QN20. Simulation is defined as
a. A technique that uses computers
b. An approach for reproducing the processes by which events by chance & changes are created in a computer
c. A procedure for testing & experimenting on models to answer what if , then so & so types of questions
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: d. All of the above
QN21. The general purpose system simulation language
a. Requires programme writing
b. Does not require programme writing
c. Requires predefined coding forms
d. Needs a set of equations to describe a system
Answer
Answer: b. Does not require programme writing
QN22. Special simulation languages are useful because they
a. Reduce programme preparation time & cost
b. Have the capability to generate random variables
c. Require no prior programming knowledge
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: d. All of the above
QN23. Few causes of simulation analysis failure are
a. Inadequate level of user participation
b. Inappropriate levels of detail
c. Incomplete mix of essential skills
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: d. All of the above
QN24. To make simulation more popular, we need to avoid
a. Large cost over runs
b. Prolonged delays
c. User dissatisfaction with simulation results
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: d. All of the above
QN25. The important step required for simulation approach in solving a problem is to
a. Test & validate the model
b. Design the experiment
c. Conduct the experiment
d. All of the above
Answer
Answer: d. All of the above
QN26. Operations research analysts do not
a) Predict future operations
b) Build more than one model
c) Collect relevant data
d) Recommend decision and accept
Answer
Answer: a) Predict future operations
QN27. Decision variables are
a) Controllable
b) Uncontrollable
c) Parameters
d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: a) Controllable
QN28. A model is
a) An essence of reality
b) An approximation
c) An idealization’
d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: d) All of the above
QN29. A physical model is an example of
a) An iconic model
b) An analogue model
c) A verbal model
d) A mathematical model
Answer
Answer: a) An iconic model
QN30. Every mathematical model
a) Must be deterministic
b) Requires computer aid for solution.
c) Represents data in numerical form
d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: c) Represents data in numerical form
QN31. Operations research approach is
a) Multi disciplinary
b) Scientific
c) Intuitive
d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: a) Multi disciplinary
QN32. An optimization model
a) Mathematically provides best decision
b) Provides decision with limited context
c) Helps in evaluating various alternatives constantly
d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: d) All of the above
QN33. OR provides solution only if the elements are
a) Quantified
b) Qualified
c) Feasible
d) Optimal
Answer
Answer: a) Quantified
QN34. The name management science is preferred by
a) Americans
b) English
c) French
d) Latin
Answer
Answer: a) Americans
QN35. Operations research is applied
a) Military
b) Business
c) Administration’
d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: d) All of the above
QN36. The application of OR techniques involves _ approach
a) Individual
b) Team
c) Critical
d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: b) Team
QN37. OR techniques helps to find _ solution
a) Feasible
b) Non feasible
c) Optimal
d) Non optimal
Answer
Answer: c) Optimal
QN38. Modern scientific management research originated during _
a) World war II
b) World war I
c) 1990
d) 1993
Answer
Answer: a) World war II
QN39. _ helps management to evaluate alternative course of action for selecting the best course of action
a) Operations research
b) Quantitative technique
c) Management research
d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: a) Operations research
QN40. _ theory is an important operations research technique to analyze the queuing behaviour.
a) Waiting line
b) Net work
c) Decision
d) Simulation
Answer
Answer: a) Waiting line
