Q641. As a form of a reference group, the ___ are ones to which the individual wishes to belong.
A. secondary groups
B. facilitative groups
C. primary groups
D. aspiration groups.
Answer
D. aspiration groups.
Q642. A(n) ___ consists of the activities people are expected to perform according to the persons around them.
A. behavior
B. attitude
C. role.
D. status
Answer
C. role.
Q643. A ___ is a person’s pattern of living as expressed in his or her activities, interests, and opinions.
A. role
B. status
C. position
D. lifestyle.
Answer
D. lifestyle.
Q644. ___ is(are) a person’s unique psychological characteristics that lead to relatively consistent and lasting responses to his or her own environment.
A. Psychographics
B. Personality.
C. Demographics
D. Lifestyle
Answer
B. Personality.
Q645. A ___ is a need that is sufficiently pressing to direct the person to seek satisfaction of the need.
A. Motive.
B. want
C. demand
D. requirement
Answer
A. Motive.
Q646. The theory of motivation that views people as responding to urges that are repressed but never fully under control was developed b ___
A. Marshall.
B. Kant.
C. Freu
D. d. Maslow.
Answer
C. Freu
Q647. ___ puts people into a frame of mind of liking or disliking things, of moving toward or away from them.
A. A rule
B. An attitude.
C. A belief
D. A cue.
Answer
B. An attitude.
Q648. How the consumer processes information to arrive at brand choices occurs during which stage of the buyer decision process?
A. need recognition
B. information search
C. evaluation of alternatives
D. purchase decision
Answer
C. evaluation of alternatives
Q649. All of the following are part of the adoption process that consumers may go through when considering an innovation EXCEPT:
A. Awareness.
B. Process.
C. Interest.
D. Trial.
Answer
B. Process.
Q650. With respect to adopter categories, the ___ are guided by respect, are the opinion leaders in their communities, and adopt new ideas early but carefully.
A. seekers
B. innovators
C. early adopters.
D. early majority
Answer
C. early adopters.
Q651. Considering the major influences on business buyer behavior, as shown in a model in the text, under which influence stage would you expect to find the influences of authority, status, empathy, and persuasiveness?
A. environmental
B. organizational
C. interpersonal.
D. individual
Answer
D. individual
Q652. The stage of the business buying process where the buyer describes the characteristics and quantity of the needed item is called ___
A. Problem recognition.
B. General need description.
C. Product specification.
D. Proposal solicitation.
Answer
B. General need description.
Q653. If a buying team is asked by the purchasing department to rank the importance of reliability, durability, price, and other attributes of an item, then the team is going through a business buying process stage called ___
A. Problem recognition.
B. General need description.
C. Product specification.
D. Proposal solicitation.
Answer
B. General need description.
Q654. ___ is the stage of business buying where an organization decides on and specifies the best technical product characteristics for a needed item.
A. Problem recognition
B. General need description
C. Product specification.
D. Proposal solicitation.
Answer
C. Product specification.
Q655. Factors such as supplier reputation for repair and servicing capabilities are important criteria for evaluation at which stage in the business buying process?
A. problem recognition
B. supplier search
C. supplier selection.
D. order-routine specification.
Answer
C. supplier selection.
Q656. The ___ may lead the buyer to continue, modify, or drop the arrangement that has been entered into by the buyer and seller.
A. performance review.
B. order-routine specification
C. supplier selection
D. general need description
Answer
D. general need description
Q657. For the marketing manager, social class offers some insights into consumer behavior and is potentially useful as a ___
A. Market research information
B. Market segmentation variable.
C. Source of understanding competition’s strategy
D. Source to predict future trends
Answer
A. Market research information
Q658. In a ___ , the buyer wants to change something about product specifications, prices, terms, or suppliers.
A. habitual re buy
B. straight re buy
C. modified re buy.
D. new task buy
Answer
C. modified re buy.
Q659. Theory is basically?
a. An exposition of the general principles of any science
b. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either physical or moral
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above.
Answer
c. Both a & b
Q660. There are two types of theories that explain consumer behavior, they are?
a. New and old
b. Traditional and modern
c. Classical and contemporary
d. All of the above.
Answer
d. All of the above.
Q661. The traditional theorists would believe that?
a. Consumers behave mechanistically
b. Consumers behave rationally
c. Consumers behave logically
d. All of the above.
Answer
d. All of the above.
Q662. One of the principles of economics says that as consumers’ incomes increase?
a. They buy more items for use or consumption
b. They save more for future consumption
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above.
Answer
a. They buy more items for use or consumption
Q663. Traditional theories explaining consumer behaviors were based on –
a. Economic laws
b. Marketers’ own experiences, as well as their intuitions
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above.
Answer
c. Both a & b
Q664. Contemporary theories of buyer behavior are based on?
a. The findings of different disciplines of social sciences
b. The findings of different disciplines of behavioral sciences
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above.
Answer
c. Both a & b
Q665. The modern or contemporary theories can deal very successfully with?
a. The volatile aspect of consumer behavior
b. The unpredictable aspect of consumer behavior
c. The irrational aspect of consumer behavior
d. All of the above.
Answer
d. All of the above.
Q666. In theory building consumer behavior researchers basically borrow findings from?
a. Political science
b. Anthropology, sociology, social psychology, individual psychology, marketing research, and to some extent from economics
c. Physics and chemistry
d. All of the above.
Answer
b. Anthropology, sociology, social psychology, individual psychology, marketing research, and to some extent from economics
Q667. Consumer behavior research undertaken by present day marketers are based on?
a. Traditional method
b. Statistics
c. Scientific method
d. None of the above.
Answer
c. Scientific method
Q668. Theory?
a. Identifies relationship among facts that are observable
b. Combines the facts in such a way that carries certain meaning to the user
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above.
Answer
b. Combines the facts in such a way that carries certain meaning to the user
Q669. How many criteria Mr. John A. Howard has offered for a sound theory of buyer behavior?
a. Three
b. Four
c. Seven
d. None of the above.
Q670. Economic theories describe man?
a. As a rational buyer
b. As an emotional creature
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above.
Answer
a. As a rational buyer
Q671. Consumers, according to the economic theories take purchase decisions purely based on?
a. Self analysis
b. Self interest
c. The influence of others
d. All of the above.
Answer
b. Self interest
Q672. According to economic theorists, marketing analysts should be more interested in examining the effect of changes in income on?
a. Spending and disposable income
b. Real income and saving
c. Spending and saving
d. All of the above.
Answer
c. Spending and saving
Q673. Spending for automobiles, furniture, major appliances and other expensive items tend to be influenced by consumers’?
a. Optimism about future incomes
b. Pessimism about future incomes
c. Prediction of price changes
d. Optimism or pessimism about future incomes.
Answer
d. Optimism or pessimism about future incomes.
Q674. Consumers are more willing to increase installment debt when?
a. Income is rising
b. Income is falling
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above.
Answer
a. Income is rising
Q675. According to the Marginal Utility Theory, a consumer will continue to buy such products that will deliver him the maximum satisfaction at?
a. Lower prices
b. Relative prices
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
Answer
b. Relative prices
Q676. As you consume more of the same good?
a. Your marginal utility increases
b. Your total (psychological) utility decreases
c. Your total (psychological) utility increases
d. All of the above.
Answer
c. Your total (psychological) utility increases
Q677. All of the combinations of products that will fall right to the indifference curve will be considered?
a. Less satisfactory by the consumers
b. Unimportant to the buyer
c. Both a & b
d. More satisfactory by the consumers.
Answer
d. More satisfactory by the consumers.
Q678. According to the Income and Saving theory, purchasing power is dependent on?
a. Disposable income
b. Total income
c. Money income
d. None of the above.
Answer
a. Disposable income
Q679. The rising income theory was given the present shape by?
a. Sigmund Freud
b. Ernst Engel
c. Adam Smith
d. None of the above.
Answer
b. Ernst Engel
Q680. How many market laws that may be formulated using economic theories?
a. Three
b. Four
c. Seven
d. None of the above.
Answer
b. Four