Multiple choice question for engineering
Set 1
1. Which of the following function is a wrapper for different lattice plots to visualize the data ?
a) levelplot
b) featurePlot
c) plotsample
d) none of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] featurePlot is used for data visualization in caret.
2. Point out the wrong statement:
a) In every situation, the data generating mechanism can create predictors that only have a single unique value
b) Predictors might have only a handful of unique values that occur with very low frequencies
c) The function findLinearCombos uses the QR decomposition of a matrix to enumerate sets of linear combinations
d) All of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] In some situations, the data generating mechanism can create predictors that only have a single unique value.
3. Which of the following function can be used to identify near zero-variance variables ?
a) zeroVar
b) nearVar
c) nearZeroVar
d) all of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The saveMetrics argument can be used to show the details and usually defaults to FALSE.
4. Which of the following function can be used to flag predictors for removal ?
a) searchCorrelation
b) findCausation
c) findCorrelation
d) none of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Some models thrive on correlated predictors.
5. Point out the correct statement:
a) findLinearColumns will also return a vector of column positions can be removed to eliminate the linear dependencies
b) findLinearCombos will return a list that enumerates dependencies
c) The function findLinearRows can be used to generate a complete set of row variables from one factor
d) none of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] For each linear combination, it will incrementally remove columns from the matrix and test to see if the dependencies have been resolved.
6. Which of the following can be used to impute data sets based only on information in the training set. ?
a) postProcess
b) preProcess
c) process
d) all of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] This can be done with K-nearest neighbors.
7. The function preProcess estimates the required parameters for each operation.
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] predict.preProcess is used to apply them to specific data sets.
8. Which of the following can also be used to find new variables that are linear combinations of the original set with independent components ?
a) ICA
b) SCA
c) PCA
d) None of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] ICA stands for independent component analysis.
9. Which of the following function is used to generate the class distances ?
a) preprocess.classDist
b) predict.classDist
c) predict.classDistance
d) all of the Mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] By default, the distances are logged.
10. The preProcess class can be used for many operations on predictors.
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Operations include centering and scaling.
Set 2
1. Strain gage is an example of which device?
a) Transducer
b) Voltage follower
c) Integrator
d) Differentiator
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Strain gage is a device when subjected to pressure or force undergoes change in its resistance.
2. An instrumentation system does not include
a) Transducer
b) Instrumentation amplifier
c) Automatic process controller
d) Tester
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Except tester the remaining blocks form the input, intermediate and output stage of instrumentation system.
3. Transmission line are used for
a) Output signal
b) Input signal
c) Signal transfer
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Transmission lines are the connecting line between the blocks and permits signal transfer from unit to unit.
4. The length of the transmission lines are
a) Longer than 10 meters
b) Shorter than 10 meters
c) Equals to 10 meters
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] The length of the transmission lines depends primarily on the physical quantities being monitored and on system requirement.
5. Why output of transducer is not directly connected to indicator or display?
a) Low level output is produced
b) High level output is produced
c) No output is produced
d) Input is fed directly
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Many transducers do not produce output with sufficient strength to permit there use directly. Therefore, the low level output signal of transducer need to be amplified.
6. What are the features of instrumentation amplifier?
a) Low noise
b) High gain accuracy
c) Low thermal and time drift
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Instrumentation amplifiers are intended for precise low level signal amplification because of the features mentioned.
7. What is the disadvantage of using LH0036 instrumentation op-amp?
a) Extremely stable
b) Relatively expensive
c) Accurate
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer:b [Reason:] LH0036 is a very precise special purpose circuit in which most electrical parameters are minimized and performance is optimized. So, it is relatively expensive.
8. What instrument is used to amplify output signal of transducer
a) Peaking amplifier
b) Instrumentation amplifier
c) Differential amplifier
d) Bridge amplifier
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] The major function of instrumentation amplifier is to amplify the low level output signal of the transducer, so that it can drive the output stages.
9. General purpose op-amps are used in applications as
a) Instrumentation amplifier
b) Differential instrumentation amplifier
c) Inverting instrumentation amplifier
d) Non-inverting instrumentation amplifier
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] When the requirement for the application are not too strict. The general purpose op-amp can be employed in the differential mode. Such amplifiers are called as Differential instrumentation amplifier.
10. In an instrumentation amplifier using transducer bridge, which device measure the change in physical energy
a) Resistive transducer
b) Indicating meter
c) Capacitive transducer
d) Inductor circuit
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] A resistive transducer is used to measure the change in same physical energy, which is connected to one arm of the bridge.
Set 3
1. Strain gage are used to monitor change in
a) Pressure
b) Torque
c) Displacement
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] A strain gage may be used to monitor change in applied pressure, torque and displacement by measuring the corresponding change in the gage resistance.
2. Which type of resistive transducer is most commonly used?
a) Thermistor
b) Photoconductive cell
c) Strain gage
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Thermistors are most commonly used because they are relatively easy to mount.
3. What is the unit of strain gage?
a) Ω/oC
b) Lux
c) Newton / meter2
d) Volts
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Strain gage changes resistance when an external stress is applied. Therefore, the stress is defined as force/unit area i.e. Newton / meter^2.
4. Which type of strain gage has better resolution?
a) Semiconductor strain gage
b) Wire strain gage
c) Wire and Semiconductor strain gage
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Semiconductor strain gage are much more sensitive than wire type and so, it provide better accuracy and resolution.
5. How a differential instrumentation amplifier using transducer bridge can be used as a temperature controller?
a) Increase room temperature
b) Replaces calibrated meter with relay
c) Change the bridge resistance
d) Replace thermistor by light intensity meter
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] A simple and inexpensive temperature controller can be constructed by replacing a meter with a relay in the circuit. So, the output of the differential instrumentation amplifier drives a relay output of the differential instrumentation amplifier drives a relay that controls the current on the heat generating circuit.
6. The strain gage elements in the analog weight scale are mounted on a
a) Base of weight platform
b) Hanging weight platform
c) Loading weight platform
d) Varying weight platform
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] The strain gage elements are mounted in the base of the weight platform. So, that whenever external force or weight is applied to the platform, one pair of element in the opposite arm of bridge elongates, whereas the other pair in opposite arm compresses.
7. What will be the resultant circuit, when the thermistor in the bridge transducer is replaced by a strain gage?
a) Differential input and differential output amplifier
b) Light intensity
c) Analog weight scale
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] By connecting a strain gage in the transducer bridge, the differential instrumentation amplifier circuit can be converted in a simple and inexpensive analog weight scale.
8.
RT1, RT2, RT3, RT4 are unstrained gage resistance. If the resistance change in each gage is 0.3Ω. Choose the correct option?
1. RT1 and RT3 increases by 0.3Ω
2. RT2 and RT4 decreases by 0.3Ω
3. RT1 and RT3 increases by 0.3Ω
4. RT2 and RT4 decreases by 0.3Ω
a) 3 and 4
b) 1 and 2
c) 1 and 4
d) 2 and 3
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] When external weight is applied to the platform. One pair of element elongate and the other pair compresses. Therefore, RT1 and RT3 is △R and the increase in RT2 and RT4 is also by △R.
Set 4
1. Identify a fourth generation language(4GL) from the given below.
a) FORTRAN
b) COBOL
c) Unix shell
d) C++
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] Rest all are third generation languages(3GL).
2. Arrange the following activities for making a software product using 4GT.
i. Design strategy
ii. Transformation into product
iii. Implementation
iv. Requirement gathering
a) 1, 4, 3, 2
b) 4, 3, 1, 2
c) 4, 1, 3, 2
d) 1, 3, 4, 2
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] The sequence of activities mentioned in option c represents the Fourth Generation Techniques(4GT)Model.
3. 4GL is an example of ______________ processing.
a) White Box
b) Black Box
c) Functional
d) Both Black Box & Functional
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Functional processing/testing is also referred to as black box testing in which contents of the black box are not known.Almost anything might be referred to as a black box:an algorithm or the human mind.Functionality of the black box is understood in terms of its inputs and outputs.
4. The 4GT Model is a package of ______________
a) CASE Tools
b) Software tools
c) Software Programs
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] 4GT encompasses a broad array of software tools enabling the software engineer to specify the characteristics at a high level leading to an automatically generated source code based on these specifications.
5. Which of the following is not a type of a 4GL? One originating ______________
a) on Lisp machine
b) on report generators
c) from database query languages
d) from GUI creators
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Fifth-generation programming language are built on LISP.
6. In 4GT, we can specify the user requirements in graphic notation or small abbreviated language form.
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: a
7. Productivity of software engineers is reduced in using a 4GT.
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] 4GLs are more programmer-friendly and enhance programming efficiency with usage of English-like words and phrases, thereby increasing the productivity of professionals able to engage in software development.
8. Which of the following 4GLs invented at IBM and subsequently adopted by ANSI and ISO as the standard language for managing structured data?
a) SQL
b) PROLOG
c) C
d) JAVA
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] C & JAVA are third generation languages(3GLs) wheras PROLOG is a 5GL.
9. What is a major advantage of using a 4GT Model for producing small scale products,
applications or programs ?
a) Improved productivity of software engineers
b) Reduction in software development time
c) 4GT helped by CASE tools and code generators offers a credible solution to many software problems
d) None of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Since automated coding is done using CASE tools & code generators proponents claim a dramatic reduction in software development time.
10. Which of the following model has a major disadvantage in terms of the coding phase of a software life cycle model ?
a) Spiral Model
b) Waterfall Model
c) Rad Model
d) 4GT Model
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Since coding phase is eliminated in 4GT Model,more expertise is required for analysis,design and testing activities.
Set 5
1. Selection of a model is based on
a) Requirements
b) Development team & Users
c) Project type and associated risk
d) All of the mentioned
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Each model has to have some requirements, a team of developers, users and the risk involved in developing a project.
2. Which two models doesn’t allow defining requirements early in the cycle?
a) Waterfall & RAD
b) Prototyping & Spiral
c) Prototyping & RAD
d) Waterfall & Spiral
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Prototyping Model starts with a requirements analysis phase including techniques like FAST, QFD, Brainstorming.In case of Spiral model the first phase involves activities related to customer communication like determining objectives.
3. Which of the following life cycle model can be chosen if the development team has less experience on similar projects?
a) Spiral
b) Waterfall
c) RAD
d) Iterative Enhancement Model
Answer
Answer: a [Reason:] Relying on risk assessment/analysis provides more flexibility than required for many applications which overcomes the criteria of less experienced developers.
4. If you were a lead developer of a software company and you are asked to submit a project/product within a stipulated time-frame with no cost barriers, which model would you select?
a) Waterfall
b) Spiral
c) RAD
d) Incremental
Answer
Answer: c [Reason:] RAD model is inapplicable to develop cheaper products/software/projects as the cost of modeling, hiring highly skilled developers/designers and automated code generation is very high.But here the cost is not an issue, so one can select this model as it reduces development time.
5. Which two of the following models will not be able to give the desired outcome if user’s participation is not involved?
a) Waterfall & Spiral
b) RAD & Spiral
c) RAD & Waterfall
d) RAD & Prototyping
Answer
Answer: d [Reason:] Active Participation of user is involved in all the four phases of RAD model and in case of the Prototyping model we need user’s presence/involvement every time a new prototype is build or designed.
6. A company is developing an advance version of their current software available in the market, what model approach would they prefer ?
a) RAD
b) Iterative Enhancement
c) Both RAD & Iterative Enhancement
d) Spiral
Answer
Answer: c
7. One can choose Waterfall Model if the project development schedule is tight.
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: b [Reason:] Real projects rarely follow the sequential flow and iterations in this model are handled indirectly. Thus changes can cause confusion as the project proceeds thereby delaying the delivery date.
8. Choose the correct option from given below:
a) Prototyping Model facilitates re-usability of components
b) RAD Model Model facilitates re-usability of components
c) Both RAD & Prototyping Model facilitates re-usability of components
d) None
Answer
Answer: c
9. Spiral Model has high reliability requirements.
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: a
10. RAD Model has high reliability requirements.
a) True
b) False
Answer
Answer: b
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