Optical Technology-1

Assignment A

 

Q1: What is the structure of an Optical Fiber? How does light propagate along a fiber?

 

Q2: Discuss the Signal Loss or attenuation mechanism in a fiber. What and to what degree does a signal get distorted as it travels along a fiber?

 

Q3: Discuss the differences between LEDs and LASER. Also discuss the properties that makes the LASER better than LEDs.

 

Q4: Discuss the implementation of typical WDM network and also discuss its various compenets in detail.

 

Q5: Discuss the four possible applications of optical amplifier. Of the various amplifiers types, which amplifier is the best and why?

 

Assignment – B

Q1: Discuss the architecture of SONET and SDH.Discuss its transmission format and Speeds.

Q2: Discuss Inter symbol Interfernce and Crosstalk in Optical Fibers.

Q3: Splices are permanent Joints and Connectors are temporary Joints.

 

Discuss the various types and the signal loss of each type of Permanent Joints and Connectors.

Case Study

 

Two SONET rings need to be interconnected at two mutual nodes in order to ensure redundant paths under failure conditions. Draw the interconnection between two bi-directional line-switched (BLSR) SONET rings showing the primary and secondary path setups that designate the signal flows under normal and failure conditions. In designing the interface, consider the following possible failure conditions of two mutual nodes:

 

a) Failure of a transmitter or receiver in one of the nodes.

b) Failure of an entire node

c) A fiber break in the link between the two nodes.

 

Assignment C

 

Q1. The 3-D shape of an Optical Fiber is

a. A cylinder rod

b. Rectangular

c. Square

d. Circle

 

Q2. The waves that travels through the fiber is

a. Electrical Wanes

b. Radio Waves

c. Light Waves

d. None of the above

 

Q3. Optical fiber are made up of

a. Sand & Glass

b. Conductor

c. Glass and Plastic

d. None of the Above

 

Q4. “Bare fibers” are having protection Sheath

a. Yes

b. No

c. Not sure

d. There is no such term

 

Q5. Can fibers be bent at right angles?

a. Yes

b. No

c. Not sure

d. There is no such term

 

Q6. The principle on which the optical fiber works is:

a. Total Internal Reflection

b. Critical Angle of Incidence

c. Angle of Inciddence

d. None of the Above

 

Q7. Transmission media are usually categorized as_______.

1. fixed or unfixed
2. guided or unguided
3. determinate or indeterminate
4. metallic or nonmetallic

 

Q8. Transmission media lie below the __________ layer.

1. physical
2. network
3. transport
4. application

 

Q9. ________cable consists of an inner copper core and a second conducting outer sheath.

1. Twisted-pair
2. Coaxial
3. Fiber-optic
4. Shielded twisted-pair

 

Q10. In fiber optics, the signal is _______ waves.

1. light
2. radio
3. infrared
4. very low-frequency

 

Q11. Which of the following primarily uses guided media?

1. cellular telephone system
2. local telephone system
3. satellite communications
4. radio broadcasting

 

Q12. Which of the following is not a guided medium?

1. twisted-pair cable
2. coaxial cable
3. fiber-optic cable
4. atmosphere

 

Q13. What is the major factor that makes coaxial cable less susceptible to noise than twisted-pair cable?

1. inner conductor
2. diameter of cable
3. outer conductor
4. insulating material

 

Q14. In an optical fiber, the inner core is the ________cladding.

1. denser than
2. less dense than
3. the same density as
4. another name for

 

Q15. The inner core of an optical fiber is in _________composition.

a)      glass or plastic

b)      copper

c)      bimetallic

d)      liquid

 

Q16. When a beam of light travels through media of two different densities, if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, ___________occurs.

1. reflection
2. refraction
3. incidence
4. criticism

 

Q17. When the angle of incidence is ___________ the critical angle, the light beam bends along the interface

1. more than
2. less than
3. equal to
4. none of the above

 

Q18. Signals with a frequency below 2 MHz use _______propagation.

1. ground
2. sky
3. line-of-sight
4. none of the above

 

Q19. _________cable consists of two insulated copper wires twisted together.

1. Coaxial
2. Fiber-optic
3. Twisted-pair
4. none of the above

 

Q20. _________cable is used for voice and data communications.

1. Coaxial
2. Fiber-optic
3. Twisted-pair
4. none of the above

 

Q21. ________cable can carry signals of higher frequency ranges than ____cable.

1. Twisted-pair; fiber-optic
2. Coaxial; fiber-optic
3. Coaxial; twisted-pair
4. none of the above

 

Q22. _____cables are composed of a glass or plastic inner core surrounded by cladding, all encased in an outside jacket.

1. Coaxial
2. Fiber-optic
3. Twisted-pair
4. none of the above

 

Q23. ______cables carry data signals in the form of light.

1. Coaxial
2. Fiber-optic
3. Twisted-pair
4. none of the above.

 

Q24. Transmission media are usually categorized as

1. Fixed or unfixed
2. Guided or unguided
3. Determinate or indeterminate
4. Metallic or nonmetallic

 

Q25. Transmission media are closest to the ______layer.

1. Physical
2. Network
3. Transport
4. Application

 

Q26. Category 1 UTP cable is most often used in ______networks.

1. Fast Ethernet
2. Traditional Ethernet
3. Infrared
4. Telephone

 

Q27. BNC connectors are used by_______cables

1. UTP
2. STP
3. Coaxial
4. Fiber-optic.

 

Q28. ________cable consists of an inner copper core and a second conducting outer sheath.

1. Twisted-pair
2. Coaxial
3. Fiber-optic
4. Shielded twisted-pair Dr. Gihan NAGUIB 2

 

Q29. In fiber optics, the signal source is________waves

1. Light
2. Radio
3. Infrared
4. Very low-frequency

 

Q30. Smoke signals are an example of communication through_________

1. A guided medium
2. An unguided medium
3. A refractive medium
4. A small or large medium

 

Q31. Which of the following primarily uses guided media?

1. Cellular telephone system
2. Local telephone system
3. Satellite communications
4. Radio broadcasting

 

Q32. Which of the following is not a guided medium?

1. Twisted-pair cable
2. Coaxial cable
3. Fiber-optic cable
4. Atmosphere

 

Q33. In an environment with many high-voltage devices, the best transmission medium would be__________

1. Twisted-pair cable
2. Coaxial cable
3. Optical fiber
4. The atmosphere

 

Q34. What is the major factor that makes coaxial cable less susceptible to noise than twisted-pair cable?

1. Inner conductor
2. Diameter of cable
3. Outer conductor
4. Insulating material

 

Q35. The RG number gives us information about

1. Twisted pairs
2. Coaxial cables
3. Optical fibers
4. All the above

 

Q36. In an optical fiber, the inner core is the ___________cladding.

1. Denser than
2. Less dense than
3. The same density as
4. Another name for

 

Q37. The inner core of an optical fiber is in composition.

1. Glass or plastic
2. Copper
3. Bimetallic
4. Liquid

 

Q39. Optical fibers, unlike wire media, are highly resistant to

1. High-frequency transmission
2. Low-frequency transmission
3. Electromagnetic interference
4. Refraction

 

Q40. When the angle of incidence is __________the critical angle, the light beam bends along the interface

1. More than
2. Less than
3. Equal to
4. None of the above